An endowment made in the name of Allah, where the principal amount is preserved and the returns are donated.
Waqf (plural: Awqaf) is an Islamic endowment — a charitable trust where an asset is dedicated permanently for the benefit of others. The principal asset is preserved forever while its income, produce, or benefits are directed to charitable causes. It is considered one of the highest and most sophisticated forms of Sadaqah Jariyah.
How Does Waqf Work?
In a Waqf arrangement:
- A donor dedicates an asset (property, land, money) to charitable purposes
- The asset itself cannot be sold, given away, or inherited — it is held in perpetual trust
- The income generated (rent, produce, investment returns) is used for the specified charitable purpose
- The arrangement continues indefinitely — potentially for centuries
Historical Significance
Waqf has been one of the most powerful economic institutions in Islamic civilisation. Historically, Awqaf funded:
- Mosques — Including some of the world's most famous masjids
- Universities — Al-Azhar in Cairo has been Waqf-funded since 970 CE
- Hospitals — Free healthcare funded by endowment income
- Water systems — Aqueducts, fountains, and wells
- Libraries and schools — Preserving and spreading knowledge
At its peak, Waqf assets constituted up to one-third of all land in some Muslim-majority countries.
Modern Waqf
Today, the Waqf concept is being revived through cash Waqf, investment Waqf, and institutional endowments. Muslims can contribute to Waqf funds that invest the capital and distribute returns to masjid building, orphan care, education, and community development.
Waqf and the Sunnah
The first Waqf in Islam was established by the companion Umar ibn al-Khattab, who asked the Prophet (peace be upon him) about his land in Khaybar. The Prophet advised: "If you wish, make the land an endowment and give its fruit in charity." Umar did so, stipulating that the land could not be sold or inherited.
Put This Into Practice
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